BMW 3 Series
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| Manufacturer | BMW |
|---|---|
| Production | 1975–present |
| Assembly | Leipzig, Germany Munich, Germany Regensburg, Germany Toluca, Mexico Rosslyn, South Africa Cairo, Egypt Kaliningrad, Russia Shenyang, China Chennai, India Jakarta, Indonesia 6th of October City, Egypt Tehran, Iran Selangor, Malaysia[1] |
| Predecessor | BMW 2002 |
| Class | Compact executive car |
[edit] Social and marketing significance
BMW released its E21 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis, attracting customers seeking both prestige and economy, nearly doubling BMW's worldwide auto sales figures in three years, and winning numerous automotive world awards and honors.Three decades later, the 3 Series is still the best-selling car in its class,[2] as commonplace in Asia, America and Australia as in Europe, and it has even outsold some cheaper models, such as the Ford Mondeo and Vauxhall Insignia in the UK.[citation needed]
The 3 series has also maintained BMW's racing heritage. The M version of the 3 series, M3, debuted in 1988.[3]
[edit] History
- BMW E21 – (1975–1983) 3 Series
- BMW E30 – (1983–1991) 3 Series
- BMW E36 – (1991–2000) 3 Series
- BMW E46 – (1998–2005) 3 Series
- BMW E90 – (2005/EUR, 2006/US -) 3 Series saloon
- BMW E91 – (2005/EUR, 2006/US -) 3 Series Touring (Sports Wagon)
- BMW E92 – (2007–current) 3 Series Coupé
- BMW E93 – (2007–current) 3 Series Convertible
[edit] E21, First generation, 1975–1983
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| Production | 1975–1983 |
|---|---|
| Body style | 2-door sedan 2-door convertible |
| Layout | FR layout |
Main article: BMW 3 Series (E21)
The E21 line was produced from 2 May 1975 (1977 in the USA) through 1983. Originally a replacement for the BMW 2002, the first 3-Series was a two-door saloon model only. A factory authorised cabrio version was also built by Baur. The series was superseded by the BMW E30 series.The cockpit design of the E21 marked the introduction of a new design concept for BMW, with the center console angled towards the driver. This feature has become part of BMW’s interior design philosophy for many years. As a sign of passive safety, all edges and control elements within the interior were rounded off and padded.
At the E21's release, three models were available: 316 (1.6 litre), 318 (1.8 litre) and 320 (2.0 litre) versions of the BMW M10 four cylinder engine. To draw clear visual distinction within the new model series, the 320 models came with dual headlights, while the 316 and 318 had single round headlights.
At the 1977 Frankfurt Motor Show, BMW unveiled its new variants of the E21, featuring the new six-cylinder M20 engines. The four cylinder 320 model was replaced with the 320/6, featuring a 2.0 litre version of the M20 engine. The 323i model was introduced, featuring 2.3 litres and 143 PS (105 kW; 141 hp). The braking system was also upgraded, with the 323i featuring disc brakes on all wheels.
For the 1979/80 model year, the four-cylinder models were upgraded: the 1.8 litre power unit was revised and entered the market as a 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) carburetor engine in the 316, while addition of Bosch K Jetronic fuel injection to the 1.8 litre engine raised the 318i to 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp).
Since there was now also room for a new entry-level model, the 315 powered by a 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) 1.6 litre M10 engine made its appearance in 1981.
[edit] E30, Second generation, 1982–1992.5
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| Production | 1982–1992 |
|---|---|
| Body style | 2-door Coupe 2-door convertible 4-door Sedan 5-door touring |
| Layout | Front engine, rear-wheel drive / All-wheel drive |
| Related | BMW M3 |
Main article: BMW 3 Series (E30)
The E30 was sold from 1982 through 1991 in saloon form, through 1993 in convertible form. The E30's introductory price of US$18,210 was nearly double that of the E21 just 7 years earlier, but the availability of a six cylinder engine and 4-door body style (in 1984) earned sales. The torquey "eta" six in the 325e produced 121 hp (90 kW) and 172 lb·ft (233 N·m) of torque, but met the strict emission standards of the time. The E30 was the most powerful compact BMW offered in the United States since the 2002 Tii.The lineup was joined in 1985 by the high-output 325i and 325is. Though the engine displacement was reduced to 2.5 L, output was up to 168 hp (125 kW) but torque dropped to 164 lb·ft (222 N·m) as the company focused on performance rather than economy. The rev limit for the new motor was raised from 5000 rpm to 6500 rpm.
The 325is was an upgrade from the standard 325i, as some new features were added to the car as standard. These included the full electrics package, black roof-liner[citation needed], BMW "is" body kit, BMW 14 inch BBS "Basketweave" wheels and a Close Ratio gearbox[citation needed]. Other features also found on the 325is were options, however over time, some have been mistaken for standard features. These options include a 25% Limited Slip Differential (LSD), M Sport suspension with Bilstein struts, M-Sport II Steering wheel, BMW sports seats, leather interior, sunroof and BMW 15 inch BBS wheels. Options differed on vehicles produced in the United States.
In 1986 a left hand drive only all wheel drive version, the 325ix, joined the lineup with a touring version being introduced in late 1987. The four-cylinder 318 was dropped in 1985, but was brought back with a new, 1.8 L DOHC motor (M42B18) for 1991.
In the end of 1987, BMW introduced the touring version of the E30. It was very popular during its production up to 1994. It was available with a 1.6, 1.8, 2.0 or 2.5 litre engine and also 2.4 litre turbo diesel.
The most powerful American BMW E30 in 1989 came in the form of the M3. It used a 192 hp (143 kW) S14 straight-4 with a 4-valve head adapted from the M88 six and Bosch fuel injection.
[edit] E36, Third generation, 1992.5–1998
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| Production | 1992–1998 |
|---|---|
| Body style | 2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door saloon 5-door touring |
| Layout | Front engine, rear-wheel drive |
| Related | BMW M3 BMW Z3 |
Main article: BMW 3 Series (E36)
The E36 BMW 3 Series is an entry-level luxury car / compact executive car. It was the successor to the BMW E30 and was eventually superseded by the BMW E46 starting in 1999 for saloons, and 2000 for coupes and cabriolets. The E36 was introduced in 1990.The E36 experienced enormous success in the market. It laid strong foundations for the success that the BMW E46 experienced in subsequent years.
The E36 was sold from 1990 until 2000 in various bodystyles. It employed the "Z-axle" multilink suspension in the rear which had been proven in the Z1. VANOS variable valve timing was introduced on the DOHC L6 engines in 1993.
The four-door E36 was produced from early 1990, initially for sale in Europe only, and was introduced to other worldwide markets up to a year later. The E36 coupe was produced from 1991, with the Cabriolet version following in 1992. The 3-door hatchback "Compact" was introduced in 1994 and was moderately popular in Europe. The BMW Compact was identical to the regular E36 saloon from front bumper to A-Pillar. Everything else was unique, namely its rear semi-trailing arm suspension, based on the old E30, instead of the Z-Axle Multilink employed in all other E36's. The Z3 and M Coupe have similar rear suspension setups as well. BMW developed several prototype 5-door versions of the Compact model, but these never entered production. The "Touring" estate also began production in 1994, but was never offered in the United States.
The 2.5 L M50B25 used in the 325 models was replaced in 1996 with the 2.8 L M52B28, creating the 328i line. Another 2.5 L engine, the M52B25, was reintroduced in 1998 but the cars were sold as 323 rather than 325.
[edit] E46, Fourth generation, 1998–2005
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| Production | 1999–2005 |
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| Body style | 2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door saloon 5-door touring |
| Layout | Front engine, rear-wheel drive / All-wheel drive |
| Related | BMW M3 BMW X3 |
Main article: BMW 3 Series (E46)
The E46 is the fourth generation of BMW's 3 Series entry-level luxury car / compact executive car. The saloon was introduced in 1998 and replaced the E36 saloon the same year. The initial inline-6 engines available were the 2.5 L 323 and 2.8 L 328 (the 323 badge did not match engine displacement but it was numbered as such to increase the spread between both models). The touring and coupé models appeared in 1999 with BMW's newly designed steptronic manumatic transmission, and the convertible and M3 later in 2000. The E46 Compact, a 3-door hatchback, was revealed in 2001 to be sold in European and Australian markets. xDrive all-wheel drive was introduced as an option in 2001 for left hand drive markets only due to clashes between the running gear & steering rack.
Also in 2000, the E46 lineup expanded to include the new (model year) 2001 M3 Coupe. The M3 only came in a coupe and convertible (model year 2002) platform, with either a 6 speed manual or SMG. Unlike its predecessor, the E46 M3 shared very few parts with the standard 3 series. The exteriors of the two cars only shared the doors, roof, and trunk. The exterior of the M3 had wider fenders and "M styled" bumpers, side skirts, mirrors, a protruding hood, spoiler, and the new tradition of M marked grills on the front fenders and four exhaust pipes. The interior of the M3 was accented with an M steering wheel, seats, rear view mirror, and instrument cluster.
The first major overhaul occurred when the E46 saloon underwent a facelift from September 2001, which included re-designed headlights, new bumpers and a stiffer chassis. Also, the 316i and 318i models received new, more powerful engines. Then from March 2003 the coupe and convertible had a facelift which included new headlights, new front wings and bumpers, new selections in exterior colour, and redesigned sidemarker lights and LED tail lights. The M3s got a much more mild facelift that same year, with the inclusion of the updated boot and LED tail lights from the coupe/convertible.
Despite being introduced last, the E46 compact was the first to be replaced when the 1 Series was launched in September 2004. In mid-2005 the E46 saloons were phased out with the introduction of the new E90 saloons. The E46 touring was also replaced later that year with E91. The E46 remained in production as coupé, convertible and M3 until the E92 coupé and E93 convertible was revealed in late 2006. The new M3 coupé concept was later unveiled in March 2007 during Geneva Motor Show.
The E46 experienced enormous success in all markets and was widely considered the performance benchmark of its class. The record year for the E46 was 2002, when 561,249 vehicles were sold worldwide.[4]
As a credit to the E46 series, it was chosen for Car and Driver Magazine's "10 Best Cars" every year of its production. See Car and Driver Ten Best.
[edit] E90, Fifth generation, 2005–2011
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| Production | 2005–2011 |
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| Body style | 2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door saloon 5-door touring |
| Layout | Front engine, rear-wheel drive / all-wheel drive |
| Related | BMW M3 BMW X3 |
Main article: BMW 3 Series (E90)
Currently, twelve engine options are offered, two being part of the new 'N' series of BMW inline engines featuring a host of new technologies. The N52 naturally-aspirated inline-6 engine (powering the 323i, 325i/xi, 328i/xi, and 330i/xi) features technological innovations such as lightweight magnesium/aluminum construction, electric water pump, Valvetronic (steplessly variable valve lift), and Double-VANOS steplessly variable valve timing contribute to produce a lighter and more powerful motor than its predecessor, but yield a 15% increase in fuel economy. The introduction of the N54 twin turbo inline-6 engine, which produces 306 PS (225 kW; 302 bhp) and 400 N·m (295 lb·ft) torque, marks BMW's return to turbocharging and is found in 335i/xi trims.
Major features include Comfort Access, HID Xenon adaptive headlamps, Active Cruise Control, and Active Steering.
Sales of the E90 have been very strong. In 2007, a record total of more than 58,000 vehicles were sold and it was the seventh most popular car in Britain.[5].But the production of the E90 will end at October 2011.
The saloon and touring (wagon) received more powerful engines in late 2006 for the 2007 model year, particularly the N54 twin turbo, the same engines available in the E92 coupé and E93 convertible that debuted at a similar time. The sedan and wagon got a mid-generational facelift for the 2009 model year which comprised changes to the grille, headlights, hood, taillights and trunk. In spring 2010, the refreshed coupé and convertible were released as 2011 models, with the 335i/xi receiving the new N55 single turbo I6 (with a "TwinPower" twin scroll turbocharger), and a sportier 335is with a tuned N54 engine and an optional 7-speed dual-clutch automated manual.
[edit] F30, Sixth generation, 2012–
| Production | 2012– |
|---|---|
| Body style | 2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door saloon 5-door touring 5-door hatchback |
| Layout | Front engine, rear-wheel drive / all-wheel drive |
Technology currently available in the 7 Series and 5 Series is expected to feature in the 2012 3 Series, such as a lane-departure warning system, night vision, a system to prevent the driver from falling asleep, and radar-based adaptive cruise control with collision-mitigating automatic braking.
The 2012 3 Series is expected to be powered by a new family of aluminum four-cylinder petrol engines ranging from 135 to 245 horsepower. These will include new technologies such as variable intake and exhaust-valve timing, sequential turbochargers, and direct fuel injection. The 245 hp (183 kW; 248 PS) four-cylinder may be included in US-bound models (the last four-cylinder 3 series was the 1999 318ti with a 138 hp (103 kW; 140 PS) engine).,[6] .The N52 3.0L naturally aspirated I6 may be replaced by the N20 with almost equivalent output. The other petrol engines will be four-cylinder turbocharged units displacing either 1.6 or 2.0 litres. High-performance diesels will also feature, 2.0 litres twin turbo versions with a 204 hp (152 kW; 207 PS) 323d, a 245 hp (183 kW; 248 PS) 325d and a 306 hp (228 kW; 310 PS) 335d 3.0 litre, inline 6 version. There will also be a hybrid version which augments the transmission with two electric motors and expected fuel savings of 20 percent, a similar powertrain that will be found in the upcoming X5 hybrid, developed in a joint venture with GM, Chrysler, and Daimler. [7] The new BMW 3-Series will be revealed at 2012 Geneva Motor Show and will be on sale in the fall of 2012.
[edit] M version
Main article: BMW M3
[edit] Awards and recognition
The 3 Series has been on Car and Driver magazine's annual Ten Best list 20 times, from 1992 through 2011, making it the longest running entry in the list.[8] The E90 was named "Best New Sports Sedan" in the 2006 Canadian Car of the Year awards. Also, it was awarded the World Car of the Year at the New York Auto Show in 2006. What Car? also awarded the E90 2006 "Car of the Year". The E90 was also awarded Japan's Import Car of the Year for 2005–06. BMW emerged as the brand winner at the International Engine of the Year Awards for 2007 with its award in the 2.5 to 3.0 litre segment won by the 3.0 litre twin turbo engine, which is found in the BMW 335i.[9] The BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Edition was nominated as finalist of the 2011 World Green Car of the Year, and the winner will be announced at the 2011 New York Auto Show.[10][edit] Racing
The E36 320d won the 24 Hours Nürburgring in 1998, after the M3 had won in the previous years.The World Touring Car Championship (WTCC) is one of the FIA's three World Championships (along with Formula One and the World Rally Championship). Andy Priaulx and BMW Team UK won the ETCC in 2004, and continued the winning form in WTCC in 2005 in an E46 3-series, while the E90 3-series repeated this feat in 2006 and 2007. The 3-Series' rear-wheel drive layout and design have both been attributed[who?] to its victory, though in Touring Car Racing, as almost every other motor sport, the skill driver and their team tactics are also important.
The 3-Series cars in the British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) and other touring car championships have been penalized under racing rules for being rear-wheel drive and thus having better grip than its front-wheel drive competitors. For example, the 320si has been penalized in the WTCC in previous seasons in order to keep the sport competitive with the rest of the grid (Ford Focus, Chevrolet Lacetti, SEAT Leon, Alfa Romeo 156). Despite these ballast weight penalties, the 320si's of the British, German and Italian/Spanish teams continually win races and points.[citation needed] However, in the middle of the 2002 European Touring Car Championship (ETCC) season, FIA changed the handicap rules to add an extra 15 kg (33 lb) ballast to front-wheel drive cars (such as the Alfa Romeo 156) and the ballast in rear-wheel drive cars (including BMW) was reduced by 15 kilograms (33 lb).[11] Today, the WTCC series has a rolling start to eliminate the benefit of better grip that rear-wheel drive cars have from a standing start.[citation needed]
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